Plurals

Plurals are made in two ways in Arabic:

1. By adding a suffix to the singular noun. These are two types: جمعُ مذكر سالم jam’u mudhakkar sālim (Sound Masculine Plural) and ُجمع مؤنّث سالم jam’u mu’annath sālim (Sound Feminine Plural).

2. By changing the internal structure of the singular noun; similar to man → men, mouse → mice, etc. in English. This is known as جَمعُ تَكسِير jam’u taksīr (Broken Plural)

Sound Masculine Plural جَمعُ مُذَكَّر سَالِمٍ

The sound masculine plurals are formed by the addition of ون ‘ūn’ or ين ‘īn’ (depending on the i’rab state) to the end of the noun.

Sound Feminine Plural جَمعُ مُؤَنَّثِ سَالِمٍ

The sound feminine plural is formed by replacing the ة ta at the end of feminine singular nouns with ات ‘āt’.

Broken Plurals جَمعُ تَكسِير

A very large number of plural nouns follow the pattern of broken plurals, i.e they are made by making internal changes to the word structure. In total there are over 30 different patterns for broken plurals in Arabic and they hardly follow any fixed rules. These will have to be learned by practice and immersion in the language.

Here are some of the most common patterns for the broken plural

Noun – Adjective Agreement

Adjectives and nouns agree with each other on gender and number. Therefore, if the noun is plural, the adjective should be as well.

However, the rules for non-human objects or ‘things’ are different. The plural form for these is treated as feminine singular grammatically.

More Examples

أَنْهَارٌ جَارِيَةٌ

Flowing rivers

أزهَارٌ جَمِيلَةٌ

Beautiful flowers

شَبابِيكٌ نَظِيفَةٌ

Clean windows

طُيُورٌ رَائعَةٌ

Amazing birds